robot elephant made of recycled‑mater

waste if managed properly will produce something of high artistic merit and certainly will also deliver great dollars. therefore let us kelolah garbage and let's save the world from the dangers of garbage. EARTH ISOUR HOME AND WE LET'S TAKE CARE TO MAINTAIN our children HOW TO PARTICIPATEENJOY THIS BEAUTIFUL EARTH.

Waste Management Recycling Solutions for a Healthy Life

Waste Management Recycling

To live in a clean and healthy environment is important to deal with the materials used or waste if not managed, they tend to destroy our peaceful environment and leads to serious problems. The best way to manage waste, recycling, recycling is the process that converts the elements of the waste in a new product is to reduce their harmful impact on the environment.
It is a simple process, from the collection of materials from various places, such as roads, houses and shops will cost him and other places. The second step is recycled to the classification of the material collected according to their shape, size, weight. This can be done manually or by electronic spectroscopy, the magnets are also used to separate the metals from waste collected. Then, these elements are for recycling. Typically, glass, paper, plastics, electronics, clothing, recycled envelopes.
Now the question is why recycling is important or the benefits? Here is the answer to the importance of this process is explained. In these rapidly developing countries is important to preserve our natural resources such as rivers, lakes, land, forests, metals, animals, birds, animals, water, etc. The recycling helps, air pollution and water creates a foreign body by minimizing plastic bags or other. Help consumers to save energy and recycling of products, 30-40% of the energy that is produced about two times less than products made from raw materials. It offers a clean and healthy environment and saves space that was formerly used for landfill. Also, recycling is a kind of business that people are busy. It helps save money with low load.
This process is an economic waste that can be easily removed. People should be aware and knowledgeable about this process is also significant benefits, the participation and cooperation. Particularly the knowledge about recycling should extend children to do on the recycling of their profession.
There are many companies around the world are working to recycle waste. You have to recycle more than 20 vehicles more than 50,000 tons of waste per year. Most of them are of great renown. To recycle paper, newspapers and plastics, cardboard and cans are also involved in the recovery of hazardous waste

12 Steps To Environmental Cleanliness

With the movie An Inconvenient Truth drawing record audiences last summer, and groups as diverse as the “Evangelical Climate Initiative” and the Pentagon sounding the alarm on the coming climate catastrophe, our country could be on the cusp of taking real action on a very real danger.

But how much action is enough to match the scale of the solution to the scale of the problem?  Based on the data — such as rapidly melting polar icecaps — showing that climate change is happening faster than anyone had thought, it is increasingly clear: Baby steps won’t do it.
We need a bold action plan that can evaluate corporate, government, community, and household plans to reduce greenhouse gas emissions – especially carbon emissions -- to levels we can live with.

Scientists at the Princeton University’s Carbon Mitigation Initiative (CMI) have taken up this challenge, and propose stabilizing carbon emissions by dividing this huge task into smaller, doable action “wedges” of equal size—each with the capacity to reduce carbon emissions by 1 billion tons/year by 2054. CMI lists 15 possible “wedges,” out of which we need to achieve just seven to reach carbon stabilization.

Here at Co-op America, we added our own filters to this building-block approach. We screened out measures that are too dangerous, costly, and slow (like nuclear power plants, synfuels, and “clean” coal), and we beefed up those that are safe and cost-effective. (Wind energy is cost-competitive at utility scale, and has beaten natural gas in certain markets.  Solar energy will be cost-competitive within five years.)
With these filters, we developed a plan that uses current technologies; is safe, clean, and cost-effective; and is big enough to meet the climate challenge—12 “wedges” when we only need seven. Each of the following could reduce carbon emissions by at least 1 billion tons per year by 2054:
Here’s our 12-step plan:
1. Increase fuel economy for the world’s 2 billion cars from an average of 30 mpg to 60 mpg.

2. Cut back on driving. Decrease car travel for 2 billion 30-mpg cars from 10,000 to 5,000 miles per year, through increased use of mass transit, telecommuting, and walking and biking.

3. Increase energy efficiency by one-quarter in existing buildings and appliances. Move to zero-emissions plans for new buildings.

4. Decrease tropical deforestation to zero, and double the rate of new tree plantings.

5. Stop soil erosion. Apply “conservation tillage” techniques to cropland at 10 times the current usage. Encourage local, organic agriculture.

6. Increase wind power. Add 3 million 1-megawatt windmills, 75 times the current capacity.

7. Push hard for solar power. Add 3,000 gigawatt-peak solar photovoltaic units, 1,000 times current capacity.

8. Increase efficiency of coal plants from an average of 32 percent efficiency to 60 percent, and shut down plants that don’t meet the standard. No net new coal plants; for new plants built, an equal number should close.

9. Replace 1,400 gigawatts of coal with natural gas, a four-fold increase in natural gas usage over current levels — a short-term step until zero-emissions renewable technologies can replace natural gas.

10. Sequester carbon dioxide at existing coal plants. Sequestration involves storing carbon dioxide underground, an unproven technology that may, nonetheless, be better than nothing.

11. Develop zero-emissions vehicles, including plug-in hybrids and electric vehicles powered by renewable energy.

12. Develop biomass as a short-term replacement for fossil fuel until better carbon-free technologies are developed — but only biofuels made from waste, and made without displacing farmland and rainforests.

This framework can help us think big and fast enough to avoid the worst consequences of climate change. If we are to achieve each wedge by 2054, the next 10 years must see major action. Anything less and we’re kidding ourselves.

Problem of waste incinerators in developing countries

solid waste

In fact, if not because of medical waste, we can state categorically that the incineration of waste, the disposal of developing countries, particularly Nigeria. The reasons are obvious, requires great skill and combustion technology. The types of incinerators are very common in Nigeria are very different from those found and used in civilized countries.
In the city of Ibadan, for example, has no provision for the treatment of flue gas and combustion, largely with energy recovery. Perhaps one can only find electric drive incinerator at the University Hospital, Ibadan. Apart from the incinerators were not usually built tall chimneys to take care of gaseous emissions.
Although there is no other effective methods to reduce pathogens to health around the world that are not prescribed burning, alternative technologies to incineration in recent years, supported by several environmental stress groups. The reasons are the remains of toxic ash and air emissions are carcinogenic and unpleasant.
In addition, the type of waste that contains more organic products are not built by indigenous incinerators to be addressed to realize low temperature. Incineration is a process of high temperature oxidation drought, which reduces the organic and inorganic wastes fuel, flammable. Then, an incineration plant for kitchen waste is used, and mix the sludge with a low calorific value is very small. However, none of the incinerators manufactured locally really do this because of a lower temperature (usually less than 10000C). Worse, the clogged built, most of them without the supply of fuel and burned in the rule to cases or partially burned.
Finally, through technology, sophisticated and highly qualified, high interest, and the burning of normal, and also because of the threat it a threat to the environment and health through the usual procedure in some developing countries, including Nigeria, can the incinerators local manufacturing stage in these countries are now proposing.

Composting - a green solution to household waste

Waste management experts report that "food waste represents nearly 15 percent of the total waste sent to landfills each year, the largest type of waste material."
Composting can not be the most glamorous of projects for the renovation, but the name of another scenario where you can improve your garden, and do something for our planet by having less waste to enter our landfill sites each week. Starting your own compost is simple and has a huge performance. The compound is essentially layers of natural materials that eventually break to produce a soil rich in nutrients. This natural fertilizer and is ideal for your garden because it restores the missing nutrients in soil damaged. As any gardener will tell you: the success of your garden depends on the quality of their lands.
First Step - How to maintain your subscription here:
With more people in the compost-making, the choices of where and how to keep your battery has increased dramatically. Today you can buy a compost bin precompiled. These devices are made of plastic and are designed to eliminate odors, and therefore away from the creatures at bay!
The models vary greatly from what they seem and what they can do. Some containers are fixed, while others, for ships that can turn a handle. Personally, I like this option because it saves on the back of the work effort to turn the compost by hand with a shovel.
You can also create your own bin, you can build an open design of wooden pallets, mesh and more. Just know this: a compost pile naked can smell and attract insects and animals. If you go this route, make sure it is outdoors and not near the window of his room. For a home composting container attached to an idea I found in my research is to become part of a giant plastic container normally used for storage. Just poke holes in the bottom and the top and you have a compost bin very simple and cheap.
Second Step - Add the food and garden waste.What not to bring:
What you should avoid putting in your compost is almost more important than what happens Certain chemicals may be toxic and therefore harmful. feces of dogs, cats, birds and are a good example. Also, avoid any green material treated with pesticides. Do not compost the others:Files oror meat or fishBone or fat,waste or catPaper or plastic laminateor diseased plants or decayingor large stems or roots (or shred them first)or treated wood
What you can put in your compost:
It must be both "brown" (carbon rich) and green (nitrogen rich) ingredients in your compost pile. Most of the items - about two thirds - the ingredients should be brown.
Brown or components are rich in carbon and leaves, pine needles, spoiled straw, straw and paper.
green ingredients are rich in nitrogen. You want to create a thin layer of green ingredients between thick layers of brown ingredients. Remember that two thirds of the pile should be brown. You can create a 5-6 cm layer of brown, covered with two inches of green, then another layer of brown, and so on. Include common elements of green grass clippings, refuse to seat (old plant stems, stalks of flowers last fall), coffee grounds, manure and kitchen waste from fruits and vegetables.
Layers is where to start (if you use a glass, the layers are not necessary. Mix only!)
one or more layers that are composed of brown substances. The key is to have good circulation to the bottom or in the fireplace, not very thick pile of pieces 1-2 inches should be enough.
The following material layers alternating between brown and green. Each layer should be 2 inches thick and a thin layer of manure can be placed between layers of green and brown. A trick of the trade, the decomposition of the material that is in large pieces before adding it to your compost pile, but it decomposes rapidly.
Step Three - Keep your compost
Or rule of thumb: the more you manage your compost pile, the faster you will be rich compound, black. management tracks that are limited to the battery (it breaks all the time, but this method can take a year or more) to convert the compound once or twice a week with a shovel in the cold outside the battery is low. This is where the compost bins to keep your rear window.
Keep the compost moist. Depending on your time, it can be easy to achieve, of course, a few seasons ago. You can check the moisture, turning the compost with a shovel - the center of the pile should not be left to dry. Depending on the weather, you may need to water your compost pile occasionally to keep it moist, put a tarp or cloth to avoid regularly.
Place the container in a location that receives lots of sun, and you need the container to warm to start working. The interior of the battery should be hot. This indicates that the decomposition of organic matter occurs. Your subscription should begin to heat up in a day or two to about 150 degrees Fahrenheit. If not, there's enough material green. Some of the compost bins come with thermometers, but you can buy one if it is not. Just paste in the center of the stack to see if the mixture is correct.

Biodiesel an ideal alternative

Biodiesel has been getting its share of interest from people looking for alternative fuels. The steadily rising cost of oil on the world market and many believe it is time to find other sources of sound in any way increase the cost of using gas and fuel oil. One of the alternatives that are on the promise that is the production of biodiesel.
Biodiesel refers to a type of fuel that can be derived from biological sources. Can be readily used in diesel vehicles. This distinguishes them from the use of vegetable oil (SVO) or waste vegetable oils that have changed (UVA) as the chosen alternative, vehicles with diesel engines using these fuels must be installed.
What makes biodiesel an ideal alternative, which is biodegradable and nontoxic. Biodiesel is also significant emissions from the incineration of low compared to petroleum diesel.
Since biodiesel can be changed easily in existing diesel engines without using it, they have to fulfill the potential of using fuel oil as main source of additional power, the need for global transportation sector. Not only that, the promises of biodiesel fuel used as a cheaper alternative to domestic and commercial boilers.
Biodiesel can be used in pure form or blended with petroleum diesel. There are a number of advantages and benefits with their use. Biodiesel is one of the best features is the high level of lubricity. Greater than pure petroleum diesel, this excellent lubricity of biodiesel significantly extending the life of a fuel injector of the engine.
Biodiesel is a better solvent than regular diesel and has been shown to break down deposits of residue in fuel lines, since products with conventional diesel. Therefore, the fuel filter clogged with debris, such as biodiesel always does his job to clean the engine is so common. The filter change after running 600-800 miles on biodiesel is recommended to resolve this problem.
There are environmental advantages in subsequent elections of biodiesel compared to conventional diesel use petroleum-based. results of its use in biodiesel significantly reduces emissions of carbon monoxide. Biodiesel also contains less hydrocarbons and particulate emissions from the exhaust pipe can reduce up to 20 percent.
Biodiesel also has a low sulfur content, viscosity and no natural lubrication is often the case when using ultra-low sulfur variety of diesel. It is also nontoxic and biodegradable, making it an environmentally friendly alternative.
It is considered by many lawyers suggested that the excess biodiesel or vegetable oil may be the best source of oil to produce this alternative fuel. But the current available supply is, unfortunately, less than the amount of petroleum-derived fuel that is burned for transportation and home heating throughout the world. Gallons liters of waste vegetable oil are produced by U.S. restaurants every day.
But that may not be sufficient to meet the need for more fuel and more. The production of biodiesel from animal fats may not be viable enough to replace petro-diesel for the limited supplies. However, research is underway to find solutions and systems that make biodiesel more available and they can develop to meet the growing needs of the alternative was

Aeration is a common treatment process

In regard to aeration, there are many different process configurations depending on the specific application. Waste Solutions has experience with suspended growth, biological nitrogen and phosphorous systems, fixed film systems and also with modelling facilities such as GPS-X to test and refine treatment plant design performance


Traditionally, rule of thumb methods have been used for the sizing of aeration requirements and hence aeration equipment.

Waste Solutions uses a more fundamental approach based on a thorough understanding of microbial and physical processes to design aerobic treatment systems.

Variability in the aeration characteristics of wastewaters from plant to plant are often not accounted for using traditional rule of thumb methods for sizing aeration equipment. This often results in a large safety factor which is expensive. Optimisation of aeration efficiency can be achieved by evaluating aeration characteristics of a wastewater and the efficiency of aeration equipment in a particular wastewater.

Waste Solutions has developed procedures for testing both the aeration characteristics of a wastewater and the aeration efficiency of aeration equipment in a particular wastewater. This results in aeration equipment with least life cycle cost.

Waste Solutions’ knowledge of the fundamental processes involved in the treatment of municipal and industrial wastes means the company is able to deliver optimum and cost effective solutions to customers.

Where it is necessary, on-site pilot trials or pilot plants are used to develop effective solutions with lower life-cycle costs.

What Do Jewelry and E-waste Have In Common?

This week in our environmental epidemiology class one of the main topics of discussion was lead. Our instructor brought up a very interesting source of exposure: lead jewelry. The discussion included a talk about how e-waste is contributing to this problem.

I came across two well-known stories from the United States that demonstrate this issue. In 2003, in Oregon, a 4 year old boy died after swallowing a piece of jewelry bought from a vending machine. Later it was discovered that the toy medallion consisted of 38.8% lead [CDC report, 2004]. More recently, in 2006, another child died from acute lead poisoning in Minnesota, after ingesting a metallic heart-shaped charm. The charm was a gift with purchase from Reebok, which was almost entirely made from lead (99.1%) [CDC report, 2006]. In both instances, the product responsible was imported from abroad. The Consumer Product Safety division of Health Canada, and the Consumer Product Safety Commission in the US, are responsible for ensuring that tragedies like this never happen but evidently things are missed.


How this relates to e-waste:
In my literature search I came across a paper by Weidenhamer and Clement looking at e-waste as a possible source for lead contaminated jewelry. These researchers took note of the movement of e-waste from North American to Asian countries, and hypothesized that recycled circuit boards were being used to produce these heavily leaded jewelry items sold in the US. They took sixteen jewelry items that were previously known to contain 20-80% lead, and analyzed the items for lead, copper and tin content. In addition, lead-tin solders (what's used to join two pieces of metal together) from workshops in China were looked at, which are typically 60% tin/40% lead or 63% tin/37% lead by weight [Geibig & Socolof, 2005]. The main source of lead in electronic goods is in these lead-tin solders and also leaded glass of cathode ray tubes (the big tubes found in older computer screens and tvs) [Ernst et al., 2003].

Eight samples of the solder used in workshops in Taizhou, China (a major e-waste recycling area) were retrieved for a comparison to the contents found in the jewelry samples. After analyzing and comparing the lead-tin content in all 16 jewelry samples, 6 samples contained suspicious amounts of tin, and 5 of these samples contained suspicious amounts of copper. Because copper is normally only a trace component of electronic solders, the heating of circuit boards in molten solder, as observed in e-waste recycling workshops, has the potential to transfer a significant amount of copper into the solder. This supports their hypothesis that at least some of the leaded jewelry may be manufactured from scrap solder materials.

This study did not look at heavily leaded jewelry (>80% lead by weight). So the question of where these highly leaded jewelry items are coming from still remains a mystery.

Here are some things to look out for when purchasing jewelry, as recommended by Health Canada:
Pure lead is heavy, soft, dark bluish grey in colour and has a dull surface.
Jewelry with a very high lead content tends to be: thicker and leave a greyish mark when wiped on a white piece of paper.

Check with the retailer before buying an item. If they cannot provide assurance, don't buy it.
For Children: don't allow them to wear adult jewelry, suck or chew on jewelry, and if items are swallowed contact emergency medical services if you think the item may have contained lead.